Leaves Katuk

In general, leaf katuk (Sauropus androgynus) is used as a vegetable. In Indonesia, the leaves are used to smooth katuk breast milk, drug ulcers, boils, fever, and blood. Katuk leaves produced as an efficacious dosage fitofarmaka to launch breastfeeding (breast milk). Ten preparations fitofarmaka katuk leaves as facilitating breastfeeding has been circulating in Indonesia in 2000.

There have been reports of lung damage in 7 months after the consumption of raw katuk leaves with a dose of 150 g / day and after 22 months of severe lung damage and permanen.Bahan and how: Using reference books, research results from within and outside the country. Study include ecology, economics, efficacy, efeksamping, and hope for the depan.Data analyzed descriptively.

Plants katuk

Katuk leaves are the leaves of the plant Sauropus adrogynus (L) Merr, family Euphorbiaceae. Major areas: spies (Malay), Simani (Minangkabau), katuk (Sunda), Kebing and Katukan (Java), Kerakur (Madura). There are in various parts of India, Malaysia and Indonesia. In Indonesia, growing in the highlands with an altitude of 0-2100 m above sea level.

These plants form a clump. Height reaches 2-3 m. Branches rather soft and divided leaves arranged alternately on the stem, oval to round with a length of 2.5 cm and a width of 1.25 to 3 cm. Flowers single or in groups of three. Long-stemmed fruit 1.25 cm. (2) Plants katuk be propagated by cuttings of the stem is woody, approximately 20 cm long sown first. After about 2 weeks of its roots can be moved into the garden. Spacing of 30 cm long and 30 cm wide. After reaching 50-60 cm tall do pruning to keep it young and fresh leaves obtained.

In Bogor has been cultivated to increase residents' income. In general katuk leaves used as a vegetable. In Indonesia, the leaves are used to smooth katuk breast milk, drug ulcers, boils, fever, and blood. Katuk leaves are produced as an efficacious dosage fitofarmaka to launch milk. Ten facilitating milk containing leaves katuk been circulating in Indonesia in 2000.

Raising katuk

Katuk plants cultivated in three villages of district Semplak Bogor district with height 180-220m asl, latosol soil, precipitation type A (Schmidt & Ferguson,) and the number of farmers around 100 people. Intensive maintenance can increase the useful life of 5-7 years to 11-12 years. First harvest ranges from 3-4 tons / ha, then increased to 21-40 tons depending on the fertility of the soil. In the village of West Cilebut, Semplak district, Bogor regency katuk traditionally grown, harvested after the age of 2 to 2.5 months, further pruning is done every 40-60 days. Yields ranged between 3-7 tonnes / ha, with a price of Rp500, 00/kg. Between plants include maize, cassava and papaya. Apparently intercropping with cassava results are better than monocultures. Rate of 25% shade tebaik give effect to the number of shoots, leaves wet weight, dry weight of leaf, root dry weight and root length. Cuttings 20 cm long and 5 g of nitrogen / tree best effect on weight of wet leaves and roots.

Substances

GCMS analysis results on hexane extracts showed the presence of some aliphatic compounds. In the ether extracts are the main components include: monomethyl succinic acid, benzoic acid and 2-fenilmalonat, as well as minor components include: terbutol, 2-propagiloksan, 4H-annex-4-on, 2-methoxy-6-methyl, 3-Peten -2-one, 3 - (2-furanyl), and palmitic acid. In the ethyl acetate extract contained the major components that include: sis-2-methyl-siklopentanol acetate. The content of leaves katuk include protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, B, and C. pirolidinon, and methyl p-dodesilfenol piroglutamat as well as minor components.

In 100 g of leaves katuk contained: 59 cal energy, protein 6.4 g, fat 1.0 g, carbohydrate 9.9 g, fiber 1.5 g, ash 1.7 g, calcium 233 mg, phosphorus 98 mg, 3.5 mg iron, carotene 10,020 mcg (vitamin A), B, and C 164 mg, and 81 g of water. Katuk plants can increase milk production expected by the hormonal effects of the chemical content of sterols that are estrogenic. In previous studies katuk leaf containing ephedrine.

Pharmacological Effects

Katuk nutritious leaves her milk, for fever, boils, ulcers and blood. Three researchers said katuk leaf infusion can increase milk production in mice. Katuk leaf infusion can increase the number Asini lobules of the mammary gland of mice each. One researcher stated isolate phase ether and petroleum ether extract of leaves katuk not cause an increase in milk secretion meaningful. One researcher states that the root dekok katuk has antipyretic effect on pigeons.

Infusion of roots katuk have a diuretic effect at a dose 72 mg/100 g bw. Katuk consumption by nursing mothers may increase the time breastfeeding women and for babies real men only increases the frequency and duration of breastfeeding. The boiling process leaves katuk can eliminate anti-protozoa properties. Infusion of leaves katuk levels of 20%, 40%, and 80% in mice during the period of organogenesis did not cause birth defects (teratogenic) and not cause resorbsi. Katuk raw leaf juice is used as a slimming in Taiwan.

Side effects

In Taiwan, 44 people consume raw katuk leaf juice (150 g) for 2 weeks - 7 months, side effects occur with symptoms of sleeplessness, bad eating and shortness of breath. Symptoms disappeared after 40-44 days stopping katuk leaf juice consumption. The results of biopsies from 12 patients showed bronchiolitis obliteration. (9) A number of 178 patients taking katuk raw leaf juice with a dose of 150 g / day (60.7%), fried (16.9%), mixed (20.8%), and boiled ( 1.7%), for 7 months - 24 months. There are side effects after the use for 7 months in the form of symptoms of moderate to severe obstructive bronchiolitis, while consumption for 22 months or more causes permanent symptoms of bronchiolitis obliteration.

In America, since 1995 leaves katuk fries, salad leaves katuk and beverages consumed by many people as an anti-obesity drug (slimming body). The study was conducted on 115 cases of bronchiolitis obliteration (110 women and 5 men), aged between 22-66 years who had previously consumed katuk leaves. In lung function tests look of moderate to severe obstruction. Treatment with a mixture of corticosteroids, bronchodilation, erythromycin, and immunosuppression hardly nutritious substances. After 2 years of progress to severe bronchiolitis obliteration and death occurred in 6 patients (6.1%).

The boiling process leaves katuk can eliminate anti-protozoa properties. So it can be concluded until abolish heating can reduce toxicity katuk leaves.

Type of preparation leaves katuk

Of 213 types of herbs from 9 medicinal plants, found only 6 types of herbal medicine (2.8%) containing leaf katuk. From 6 type, 4 types of which have indicated as facilitating breastfeeding.

Data in 2000 showed 10 types of preparations fitofarmaka katuk leaves as facilitating breastfeeding has been in Indonesia.

Conclusion

Utilization katuk leaves as herbs or preparations fitofarmaka are as facilitating breastfeeding. The main side effect is constricting katuk leaves a permanent bronchiolitis.

Studies facilitating breastfeeding side effects to the mother and child do not penah in Indonesia. This research needs to be done, and if it has been proven that security preparations katuk fitofarmaka leaves are encouraged to have the opportunity to use.